Willakd i



W. I. TWOMBLY.

LIQUID FEEDING MEANS AND PUMP. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 27, 1920.

Patented Nov. 28, 1922. I

IIIIIIIZ|I Patented Nov. 28, 1922.

UNITED STATES aims e WILLARD I. TWOMBLY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

LIQUID-FEEDING MEANS AND PUMP.

Application filed March 27, 1920.

To aZZ whom it may concern Be it known that I, lVILLARD I. 'lwoirnLY, a citizen of the United States, and resident New York city, in the county ofllew York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Imp rovements in Liquid-Feeding Means and Pumps (Case C), of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to means for feed ing liquid, as for instance, liquid fuel or gasoline from source of supply to a reservoir and to the intake. of an engine such as the carburetor of an internal combustion engine.

The device, as shown herein, is adapted for the same general purposes, and embodies, in a new way, certain of the features construction and operation set forth in my prior application, Serial No. 197.589, tiled ()ctober 20th, 1917.

The general purpose of the invention is to provide improved liquid pumping means operable from the movements of the engines, which means are simple and cheap in construction and eliicient in operation.

lleretofore in apparatus of this character, it has been the practice to connect a reservoir to the intake manifold of an engine and to utilize the suction of the piston of the engine to apply a vacuum directly to the surface of the fuel in the reservoir. have also been attempts to employ iragm pump directly connected but such attempts have been practical failures to: many reasons which will become evident from a consideration of my practical, fool-proof device herein disclosed.

inc object of this invention is to provide a pump having a pump element operable by a wide range of varying pressures and speeds of the engine; and an important faiture is employing as the pumping element, a projectile or freely movable, spring returned piston.

The pump is preferably associated with a reservoir having the pump located therein and preferably extending therethrough. T)

.L referably the reservoir is cylindrical and the pump cylinder axially disposed 71erein,the pump cylinder is vertically arged; preferably the intake for the liquid opens upwardly into the lower end of the cylinder; the outlet into. the reservoir is through the lateral wall said cylinder; and the inlet for application of pressure Serial No. 369,379.

tion relate to making it successfully opera- H the under certain conditions likely to arise in practical operation of the devlce. Un-

der certain conditions,v there will be no liquid in the supply line, as for instance,

when the tank has become empty, orthe pump valves have leaked. To meet such conditions it is important the pump be able to act effectively as an air pump to vacuum ize the line and draw up the liquid, and, for subsequent successful operation at high speeds ofthe engine, it is necessary that the last remnants of air be expelled from the pump cavity so that the piston will act on an incompressible body of fluid, namely, all

liquid, without any trapped air or gas.

For effective air pumping the inlet valve into the pump chamber is preferably an up wardly-opening, gravity-seated ball, and, in ort to avoid trapping air, the inlet pa opens upwardly.

The port tln'ough which the liquid is expelled from the punp cavity and the outlet valve therefor have certain peculiarities particiilariy adapting them to serve both the above purposes. The outlet port opens u nvzu'dly from the topmost portion of the pump cavity which, in this case, is the pump face of the piston, so that any air or other gas rising to the top of the liquid, will be automatically nunped out and expelled into the reservoir, thus leaving only incompressible liquid for action of the pump at high speeds.

Preferably, the outlet valve is also located in the piston and is arranged to lift and seat in alignment with the reciprocating.movement-s of the piston, so that the inertia of the outlet valve is caused to assist in seating it at the end of each expelling outstrolre and beginning of the lifting reii-stroke of the piston, and in unseating it at the end of each lifting stroke and beginning of the expelling stroke.

Thehigher the speed of the piston and the more sudden the starts and stops of the strokes; the more powerful this inertia effect cient "for seating and unseating the valve,

- motive ably operates onthe constrictedportion of.

but since it affords enormously less resis tance to the piston, it promotes higher piston velocities, thereby making inertia more effective. in its seating and unseating action.

The levelofliquid is governed by a float operatin a throttle valve which controls the fi uid connection and. which preferthe inlet passage sothat little power is required to control. high pressures. Moreover, the entire tlu'ottlecontrol apparatus, 1 including fioat li'nkage, valve and the part of the motive fluid conduit controlled by the latter are all within the reservoir that no passages for movement of the valve and its working connections, are e zteriorlyopening.

" Other objects and advantages will herein after appear. H

In the drawings accompanying and forming a part ofthis specification Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view showing an embodiment of my;invention applied to a motor vehicle utilized to lift gasoline from a tank and deliver it to the carburetor of an engine, the tank being located at a point below the carbureter;

FigureQ is a sectional side elevation of an embodiment of apumping mechanism com bined,,.with a reservoir for use in connection with my improved fuel or gasoline feeding means Figure .3 1s.,a plan detail of the float controlled throttle mechanism and t Figure Lisa sectional detail of the motive pressure. connection with the combustion chamber of a cylinder ofthe engine.

1 Figure 1 of the drawings, I haveshown an embodiment of my invention applied as a fuel or gasoline feedin connection with a motor vehiclmthemotivepower of which is the usual variable throttle, variable speed internal combustion engine 9 to which is connected. acarbureter 10 by a manifold 11. .A 'f uel or gasoline supplytank 12 located at the rear of the vehicle .atapoint below the .carhureter, with my improved means (desighated-inn. general way by P) to draw the fuel from the tank and deliverit to the car- 'bnreter of the intakeof the engine inposiition between said tank and. carbureter, the beingeonnected thereto by .a pipe 13 ginepiston, and in the as the opening in a cylinder wall of the en gine, asshown at 1.6.

The means to draw and deliver the fuel from the tank to the carbureter or engine operable by the varying pressures in the combustion chamber at tl e engine, such as duringthe power nd 0 p sioii strokes, or the suction and eXha trokes, of the en iorm thereof shown in Figure 2, includes a reservoir i i The reservoir .is preferably a cylindrical, drawn metalcup, in which the pumping lnechanisi'n axially located. said reservoir having an outletfla to ch the pipe i l leading to the earbureter is connected. The reservolr 1s closed. by a cover 56 having an annular tiangedgroove 3? to engage the up-' per edge of the receptacle. The cover has a central opening through which thepump extends and the rover caused to forcibly engage the edge 35 of the reservoir to prevent leakage by the splashing of the fuel in the reservoir by means of nut 21* screwthreaded on the projecting end of the pump. Thus the pump serves somewhat as acentering stud and as e. clamping bolt to secure the cover on the reservoir.

The pump comprises .a cylinder 17 in whiclrthere ismounted a reciprocable piston 18, said 1 istodscparating theeylinder into a motive chamber 19 and a pump chain ber 20. 'The motive chamber has a motive fluid inlet 23 througlrthe r movable closure 21. of the cylinderl? andl o the threaded projection oi ihis. closure 21., is'connected the pipe 15 whereby the motive chamber has a conduit connection with the con'ibustion chamber of the en cylinder. It will'bc noted that the mo ve preamreinlct 23 has a constricted porti diameter as comparedwith that of the pump chamber, say inch ,for a inch pump chamber. This would make the cross-sectional area of the cylimler 400 times that of of extremely small the constriction, but it will he understood that this may he and purposes in view.

The pump chamber 20fh"s an inlet 24., connec ted througl'i a coup ing andpipc 13. with the tank 12. the inlet opening upwardinto the pump chamber 20 and being normally closed by an upwardly-opening gravity-seated valve 26.

The piston 18 is usually, formed to fit the pump cylinder 1'? closely enough so that no packing 1S necessary, an easy sliding fitwith varied to suit the conditions a clearance otfone to two thousandths inch being sufficient to operatively withstand the pressuresin the motive chamber, 19. If de-- sired, however-,. the piston. maybe provided with a cup leather packing 40 elamped bedrill it axially from the lower end to a diaineter suitable for the chamber of the outlet valve 30 on suiiicient clearance for flow of fluid around the sides of the valve Then the spring and valve 30. which is preferahly a ball. being inserted, a screw bushing 31 formed witha valve seat and port is screwed in behind the ball. Preferably a spiing' is provided to press the valve 30 toward its The upper portion oil'ithe outlet valve chamber 2'! is provided with outlet ports 27* drilled through the walls ofcthe piston. As these ports are in. and necessarily travel with the piston, a wide annular groove 27 is formed outside the piston the width of the groove being such that during normal operation, some portion of it will always register with ports 27 which are drilled through the wall of the pump cylinder preferably at adownward slant so that the discharge of the liquid into the reservoir will be downward. By varying the width of groove 27, the limit of the piston stroke may be controllech since movement of the piston to a position where the ports 2? are covered, cuts off further escape of liquid from the pump cavity.

It will be noted that in this piston. the pumping or liquilsucking surface coirprises the lower surfaces of piston 18, bushing 31 and ball 30. while the liquid expelling surface isthe upper surface of groove 27 and the top of drill hole 27. Also that similar functions could be served by other constructions affording; the necessary relations of liquid-sucking and expelling surfaces with interspaee containing the outlet and outlet valve.

The piston is yieldingly maintained toward the uppermost end of the cylinder 1'? by a long' spring This spring is com" pressed by the piston on the compression and: explosion strokes of the engine cylinder and serves to return the piston when the pressure in the motive cylinder decreases during the exhaust and suction stroke During high pressure strokes'of the piston of the engine the pressure will be transmitted through the connection 15 to the moaniber 19 of the pump cylinder 17,

tive c from the combustion chamber of the engine cylinder and will be exerted on the end of the piston l8, and through the letter on the This will fluid in the pump ciniinbcr. seat the inlet valve 26 and unseat the outlet valve 5-30 thereby cutting); off the tank and opening communication between the pump n ber 20 and the reservoir 529. During suction strokes of the en ine piston with cons quent reduction of the pressure in coni'iection l5 and in the motive cham- 19. the s 'iring 43 will move the piston toward the uppeiwend of the motive Cllctllk ber, and, the valve 30 having; automatically seated by gravity, inertia and spring the return movement of the piston 18 will create a vacuum in the pump chamber 20, thereby unseatinp' the valve 526 nd drawing the fuel frointhe tank 12, hroi the connection 13,

lhis latter moveinto the pump chamber.

ment ofthe piston 18 may also be facilitated during the suction stroke of the piston of the engine by the resting; of a vacuum in the motive chamber.

Where the speed of operation of the engine is fairly uniform or is not too fast, for instance. on certain types of stationary' engines, the spring may be enough so that the return. stroire of the pump piston will always be completed.

For the preferred use, on automobile ent mes however. the spring 423 is preferably made yiel enough to permit substantial prun ng; stroke even when the pres sures in the engine cylinder are weak, as for instance, w ien idling with nearly closed t ..ottle or when the engine being cranked. Such spring becomes progressively stiffer when increasing c pres sures give longer outstrolres of the pump piston. l have discovererh however. that this spring may he made more yielding" and more sensitive for the light pressure, when employed in conjunction with a supplemental. stiff sprino' 43 which. as will be seen from the drawings, of substantially shorter length and ran c of action. With this arrangement. spring: may be made only so still as is necessary to lift the load of gasoline in the supply line at slow speeds. and spring e3 need not function at all when the pressures are low and the stroke is short; but when the motive pressures become more violent and the stroke longer, spring 43 will afford a supplemental increasing resilient restoring power addition to that obtained by the increasing; compression of spring; s3. Obviously, semial supplemental springs of progressively decree..- inp; length and range of action can be employed, if desired. Also it would be quite possible to design a single spring adapted to act like my two SDIlRQ'S once at for the range than those just described, it is interposed between. the piston and the closure end. 21 of the motive chamber, to prevent the upper end of the piston from striking against the end of the chamber and making clicking or knocking noises. When it strikes the end of the chamber, it is compressed and its subsequent recoil and expansion assists the next out-stroke. I

The reciprocation of the piston 18 synchronizes with the suction and compression strokes of the engine piston, and the stroke of the piston 18 regulated in accordance with the pressure in the engine cylinder. For instance, should the throttle valve for the fuel intake of the engine be closed with consequent low pressures in the engine cylinder there will be a low pressure in the motive chamber of the cylinder 17 and a short motion or out stroke of the piston 18, and as the throttle valve for the engine intake is opened with the consequent increase of pressures in the engine cylinder, there will be. a corresponding increase of the pressures in the motive chamber of the cylinder 17 and a longer out-stroke imparted to the piston, 18.

It will be evident, however. that spring 43, and 43* which will be yielding enough to permit eflicient pumping movement of the piston for the lower and medium pressures and speeds of the engine, will function somewhat differently when theengine is operated at high speed. Such a spring cancomplete the return stroke in the motive pressure is relatively low so to-give short out-strokesand if the speed oi the engine is slow so as to give the spring time to do its work. But where high engine pressure, giving a lon out stroke, is combined with high engine speed giving a short time for the spring to work, there will be only time enough for a portion of the return stroke, the slower final part of said stroke being cut short by a succeeding explosive pressure. Consequently, with increasing pressures and speeds, the piston continues to reciprocate in response to the variations of pressure, and the length of the stroke may be approximately the same or may be less, but the range of the stroke tends to shift toward the spring to a position where the spring operates under a uniformly increased range of maximum and minimum pressures.

There may be a similar eil'ect due to the above described constriction oi the inlet passage at 23. This constriction serves to moderate on the pump piston,'the violence of the engine explosions, but it also tends to average up the low pressures as well. as to average down high pressures, and this tendency becomes more pronounced with increasing speeds of the engine. Hence though the pressures in the engine cylinder continue to alternate between pronounced. vacuum and high pressure even at high speeds, the pressures on the pump piston will become pulsating, that is, they are above atmosphere even during the vacuum strokes of the engine. This pulsating excess pressure at high speeds also tends to force the pump piston toward the spring thereby compressing the spring'until a position is reached where the spring is under a continuous minimum compression equal to the continuous minimum pressure in the motive chamber.

The piston continues to reciprocate in response to the variations of pressure, and the length of the stroke may be approximately the sameor may be less, but the range of the stroke is shifted enough to make the spring return strokes more powerful and therefore quicker acting,

lllaking the spring 43 of great length and )rovidin a lon clearance or um ing space in the cylinder, as shown in the drawings, affords a considerable range for the above described shift of position of the stroke of the piston and corresponding increase of spring stiffness. method of rendering the device automatically self-accommodating ,for the wide range of engine speeds and pressures practically necessary in the operation of automobile and similar internal combustion engines. For a considerable range of engine speeds the length of the stroke will be determined-by the differences of pressure during each cycle of explosion, exhaust, suction and compression in the engine, changes in the speed being taken care oi to a large extent by the automatic shift of the position of the stroke to a position where the spring is quicker acting.

The spring 44 on the opposite end of the piston, is of shorter length and shorter range of action than spring 43. It functions only when conditions are such as to permit complete return stroke of the piston on each suction stroke of the engine and this. will be evident, is at the lower engine speeds and pressures, particularly at times when the speeds and pressures are low enough for establishing a vacuum, or below-atmosphere, pressure in "the motive chamber of the pump during each suction stroke of the engine. At such times the spring 44 is compressed by the suction stroke of the piston. Then, as soon asthe suction is relieved, the expansion of spring 44 initiates and assists the subsequent ex pansion stroke. In this way the short spring 44 acts during times ofalternating suction and pressure on the piston, in a manner somewhat analogous to the action of spring 44 during times of continuous pulsating pressure.

I The inlet and its valve and the outlet and It is one good slow-closing.

its valve have peculiarities which in combinatlon contribute to the eiiiclency of the pump, especially when used for its preferred purpose as fuel pump on an automobile engines The GXPlOSlOIl strokes 111 any one of thedelay, even for-a small fraction of a second,"

in the closing of the inlet appreciable slip or tank. I he effectiveness of inertia in seating the outlet valve under such conditions has been explained above. The cooperating inlet valve 26 is a free, gravity-seated ball. It is a simple and very efl'ective'means of getting the quick free, low-resistance opening of the inlet which is very desirable at all times, and particularly so when the supply pipe is empty and the gasoline must be lii ed by first pumping air; but the ball form and absence of spring pressure tend to make it Hence the outlet 2'? is of smaller diameter and oi greater-fluid flow resistance, than the supply inlet 2%; also the piston outlet valve is forced to closed position by spring The smaller size of the outlet port and the spring pressure on the valve both contribute making the outlet of higher resistance than the inlet. This gives back-pressure on the outlet, with the result that the high speed in i cut of the piston under the explosive pressure from the engine, taking effect on incompressible liquid, 7 'les up a sulicient back-pressure on the inlet valve to force it tight down on its seat the very b inning ofthe rqiielling stroke of the piston.

The operat onof the pump is regulated by hrottle vs vs in the motive pressure into the pump cylinder. This is preferably a needle operating to open and close the pressure inlet end l' :he described consaiction 23. Preferably, the constric tion is drilled horizontally as shown and the r edle. valve plays horizontall in a passage or red in the casting at a point opposite the open end thereof.

This needle valve may be operated to itain constant level in the reservoir by a heat encircling the pump cylinder. The float rises and falls with the rise and fall of liquid in the reservoir and this motion is transmitted to the throttle valve by means of vertical mem ers preferably stiff wires 51, secured vertically in the float. Their upper ends are turned at right angles to form pivots 52 with anti-friction thrust collars 53 thereon. These pivots engage the U-shaped lever 54 from the outsides' of the legs thereof. This lever is pivoted to the pump structure by fulcrum pivot studs The movements of lever 5a are transmitted to the needle alve will permit baclrflow of liquid to the valve by a power-multiplying connection consisting of studs 56 rivetted at 5'? and forming pivots for links 58, 58, pivoted on studs 59 on member 60. The links 58 may be held on their studs by cotter pins 61 61, 62, 62. The member is internally screwthreaded on the outer end 63 of needle valve 50. The position of the needle valve may be adjusted for proper operation in connection with constriction 23 by screwing it in or out and then securin it in position by nut 64.

Preferably the studs 51 are sprung into engagement with the lever 54 and are held there merely by their resilient stiffness. The engagement with studs 55 may be similarly maintained by resilient pressure of the legs of lever 54 or, if desired, the outer ends may be slightly upset.

While the motive power connection with the engine may be through the opening ordinarily employed for the priming cup, I prefer the arrangement shown in Figure 4: where the opening is tapped through the side of the cylinder at a point below the uppermost limit of movementof the piston 71. A. nipple 72 is screwed in and the pipe 15 secured thereto by union 73. here the abovedescribed pumping apparatus is to be used for supplying gasoline to the carburetor of the engine, pressure and vacuum con ;h

tions in the reservoir are usually undesirable. iience, I have shown grooves 80 pressed in the top of the reservoir closure and communicating with the interior; through the central perforation therein.

'In practical operation, it is important to have the location of the pump cylinder within and in contact with the body of gasoline and to have the normal level of the latter maintained substantially above the level of the pump outlets. Thus designed, the gasoline keeps the pump cool thereby dissipating the unavoidable heat transmitted through the pressure connection with the combustion chamber of the engine which would otherwise tend to vaporize the gas- 1 As itis, the pump chamoline in tne pump.

her is kept flooded and primed with gasoline substantially free from vaporand hence in condition for immediate effective pumping operation.

I claim: 1.111 a fluid supply' system, an internal combustion engine, in combination with a i pressure operated pump including a piston actuated by fluid pressure from the combustion chamber, said piston operating to apply alternating pressure and suction in the pump chamber; inlet and outlet passages and check valves therefor controlling the flow of fluid; one of said passages and the check valve therefor being carried by the piston and the check valve being arranged to move in alignment with the reciprocating movements of the piston, so that the inertia of the valve operates to assist combustion engine, in combination with a pressure operated pump including a piston actuated by fluid pressure from the combustion chamber, said piston operating to apply alternate pressure and suction in the pump chamber; inlet and outlet passages and check valves therefor controlling the flow of fluid; said outlet being through the pump head of the piston and said outlet valve being located in thepiston and arranged to move in alignmentfiwith the reciprocating movements of the piston, so that the inertia of the valve operates to assist the lifting and seating movements thereof.

3. In a fluid supply system, an internal combustion engine, in combination With. a pressure operated pump including-a piston actuated by fluid pressure from the combustioii chamber, said piston operating to apply alternate pressure and suction the pump chamber; inlet and outlet passages and check valves therefor controlling the flow of fluid; said outlet being through the pump head of the piston and said outlet valve being a ball located in the piston and arranged'to move in alignment with the reciprocating movements of the piston, so that the inertia of the ball operates to assist the lifting and seating movements thereof.

4. In a fluid supply system, an internal combustionengine, in combination with an upright, pressure operated pump including "a piston having its downward stroke nonpositively actuated by a fluid pressure'froni the com upright, pressure operated pump including a piston having its downward strokenonpositively artuated by a fluid pressure from the combustion chamber of a cylinder of the the piston and said outlet valve being located in the piston and arranged to move in itllgllf In ent with the I'QClPTWffllllllg movements of the piston, so that the inertia of the valve operates to assist the lifting and seating movements thereof.

6. Ina fluid supply system, an internal ustion chamber of a cylinder of the engine and itsreturn stroke assisted by combustion engine, in combination with an upright, pressure operated pump including a piston having its downward stroke non-' positively actuated by a fluid pressure from the combustion chamber of a cylinder of the engineand its return stroke assisted by a.

spring, the pump surfaces of said piston constituting the top of the pump-chamber; inlet and outlet passages and check valves therefor controlling the fiowof fluid; said outlet beingthrough said pumpsurface of the piston, said inlet and-inlet valve opening upwardly into the lower part of said pump,

chamber. u

7., In a fluid supply system, aninternal combustionengine, infcombination with an spring, the pump surfaces of said piston constitutingthetop ofthe pump chamber; inlet and outlet passages and check valves therefor controllingftheflow of fluid; said inletand inlet valve opening upwardly into the lower part of StiltlgPlIll'lP chamber,.said

outlet being through said pump surface of the piston and said'outlet valve being located in the piston and arranged to move ,in alignment with the reciprocating movcments ofthe piston, so thatthe inertia'of the valve operates .to assist the lifting and seating movement's thereof.

8. In a fluid supply system, an internal combustion engine, in combination with an upright, pressure operated pump including a piston having its downward stroke nonposit-ively actuated by a fluid pressure from the combustion chamber of a cylinder of the engine and its return-stroke assisted by a spring, the pump surfaces of said piston constituting the top ofthe punipcliainber; inlet and outlet passages and check valves therefor controlling the flow of fluid; said outlet being through the pump head of the piston and said outlet valve being a, ball located in the piston and arranged to move in alignment With the reciprocating movements of the piston so that the inertia of the,

ball operates to assist the liftingjandseating movements thereof; and a yielding spring pressing downwardly on said ball for the purpose described, a

9. In a fluid supply system, an internal combustion engine, in combination. with a combined reservoir and pump, said pump in cluding a reciprocating piston clement having a working head in operative relation to tliepump chamber and a motive head con nected with the combustion chamber of cylinder of the engine andoperable by the varying pressures therein; a valve for open-' ing and closing the motive connection; and

a float and connectinglever mechanism for llO chamber and 7'OI1lZEllly at the pump end thereof, a plune opening and closing said valve by move ments of said float; said reservoir enclosing said pump, valve lever mechanism and float.

10. In a fluid supp y system, an internal combustion engine, in combination with a combined reservoir and pump, said pump including a reciprocating piston element having a Working head in operat e relation to the pump chamber and am: we head connected with the combustion (7i .mbei ot' a cylinder of the engine and operable by the varying pressures ther i, a constricted passage in the motii gressure connection at the pump end thereof; a valve operating said constriction to open and close communication therethrough; a float and connec tion lever mechanism for opening and closin;; said valve by movements of said float; said reservoir enclosing said pump valve, lever mechanism and float.

11. In fluid supply system, an internal combustion engine, in combination with a reservoir and upright aump located centrally thereof: said pump including a reciprocating piston element having a Working head in operative relation to the pump chamber and a motive head connected with the combustion chamber of a cylinder of the engine and operable by the varying pressures thereinga valve for openingand closingr communication through said passage 21 Heat encircling); said pump guided thereby; connecting lever mechanism for opening and closing said valve by movements of said float and a reserv ii" enclosing said pump, valve lever mechanism and float. I

l2. Ina fluid supply system, an int rnal combustion engine, in combination with a reservoir and upright pump located ceutrally thereof; said pump including a eiprocating piston element having a Working head in operative relation-to the pump motive head connected with the COZDlJUSElOIl chamber or a cylinder of engine and operable by the varying pressures therein; a constricted passage in motive pressure connection arranged ho valve operating; on the pressure receiving; end of said constricted passage; a float encircling; said pump and guided thereby; con- ..ecting' lever mechanism for openingand closinq sai alvc by movements of said float and a reservoir enclosing said pump 'valv't. lever mechanism and float.

' 5. In apparatus of the class described,

. an internal combustion engine in combination with a pump of the vertical type inc ud ing a piston. the nected through a valve with the combustion chamber of a cylinder of said engine and actuated by the alternating pressures therein and the lower face in operative r'elatioin to "inbination with o pi L type having a pumping e; face which is connectel With the pres lumber upper face of which is con- L camber proviced Wit :uitable L. e passages an 1 i l 7 m l. osi v on said pi "inc and ctuated doiv pi essures therein pump element z pumping able let vary; Q said elation element compressing on ed movement t said element and expanding on return move thereof; another spring); on the side' oi said pumping element, of length and range than said first menu" spring for the purpose described.

15. variable-speed engine in comb;

tions. of the latter upon the 1 0311-. ;-an in.-

let and non-return valve therefo control l free low-resistance flow of fluid to v said pinup chamber; an out! aadnonreturn valve controlling 'stance flo of 1" d pump chamber. i tive chamber or the pump chamber of a i-ylinder the at lov of the co ine v cuum and high pres tion ne cylinder produce modified -ssure conditions in themetive he pump, and at l h engine speed, produce pulsating pressures higl'uuthan atmosphere in the motive cylinder of 'ump; long; spr at the pump end of A on to op esc the expansion strokes and axsist the return stroke); and a shorter spring at the motive end ot the piston to cushion vacuum strokes and assist expansion strokes.

16. in apparatus of the class described. a variable-pressure. vai able speed engine in combination with a pump urludin piston. one face of which is directly connected with the pressure chamber of a cylinder of rela elv hirrh om said said engine and actuatec by the varying pressures therein and the other face in operative relation to a pumping chamber provided with suitable inlet and outlet pas of said piston pressng thereon throughout the entire ran of its movement; and another spring acting on Said piston in the same direction but of shorter length and sure inlet throughout the entire range of piston movement; a supplemental stiffer spring of shorter length. and range but acting in the same direction; and a third spring of yet shorter length and range acting in the opposite direction to cushion return strokes and assists initiating the out-strokes ol. the piston.

18A source of pressure variations of varying rates and intensities, in ombination with a vessel adapted to be secured in upright position, a closure for said vessel, a

tubular member secured in vertical position in said vessel. and having inlet passages from the exterior through its upper and lower end portions respectively, a combined motor and pump piston actuated by pressures applied from said source through the upper inlet passage and a spring in the mmp chamber; the intake of said pump be ing' through said bottom passage and the discharge being through an intermediate outlet into, said vessel, the lower end of said tubular member being rigidly secured through the bottom of said vessel and the upper end projecting through said closure, together with an exterior member screwed on said tubular member to clamp said closure on said vessel and a valve for controlling said inlet;

19. A. source of pressure variations varyinc in rates and intensities, in combination with a vessel adaptedto be secured in upright position, and a tubular member including a pump barrel, secured in vertical position in said vessel, a piston in said pump barrel dividing it into an upper motive chamber and a lower pump chamber, the inta e of said pump chamber being through a gravity seated valve at the bottom of said tubular member the outlet being through an intermediate portion, the inlet for the motive fluid to the piston being through the top of said tubular member and a valve for controlling said inlet.

20. In liquid feeding means for internal combustion englncs, the combination with saves and valves; spring on the pump side an internal combustion'engine and; aliquid supply tank, of a conduit and pressure ac-x tuated pump of the upright type interposed between the tank and the intake of the engine;said.pumpincluding a cylinder and a piston to. reciprocate in saidcylindenand separating the cylinder into a pump chamber and a motive chamlier one at a higher level than-the other; a port and conduit connecting the motive chamber with the engine cylinder; a valve for controlling application of the pressure variations of the latter uponthe former; a spring int-he pump chamber yieldingly pressing said pistontoward said port; an upwardly opening valve controlledinlet into the pump chamber, from the tank; a pump outlet opening upwardly from the uppermost portion of the pump chamber; and a non-return valve 'adaptedto checkrev rsc flow of liquid through said outlet during the lifting stroke of said piston.

piston to reciprocate in saidcylinder and separating the cylinder into a pump chamber and motive chamber one ata higher level than the other; a port and conduit connecting the motive chamber with the engine cylinder; a valve for controlling application of the pressure variations of the latter upon the former; a spring in the pump chamber yieldingly pressing said piston toward said port; an upwardly opening valve controlled inlet into the pump chamber from the tank; a pump outlet opening upwardly from the uppermost portion of the pump chamber; and a non-return valve adapted to check reverseflow of liquid through said outletduring the lifting strokes of said piston; said motive chamber port being constricted and said spring and pump chamber being substantially longer than. the normal pressureactuated out-strokes of the pump piston, as and for the purpose described.

22. In a fluid supply system, a source of gaseous pressure variations, in combination with a pressure operated pump including a floating piston actuated by said gaseous pressure variations, said piston operating to apply alternate pressure and suction in the pump chamber; inlet and outlet passages and check valves therefor controlling the flow of fluid; said outlet being through the pump head of the piston and said outlet valve being located in the piston and ar:

ranged to move in alignmentwith the reciprocating movements of the piston, so that the inertia of the @valve operates to assist the lifting and seating movements thereof.

23., In a fluid supply system, a source of gaseous pressure variations, in combination with a pressure operated pump including a floating piston, actuated by said gaseous pressure variations, said piston operating to apply alternate pressure and suction in the pump chamber; inlet and outlet passages and check valves therefor controlling the flow of fluid; said outlet being through the pump head of the piston and said outlet valve being located in the piston and arranged to move in alignment with the reciprocating movements of the piston, so that the inertia of the valve operates to assist the lifting and seating movements thereof, and a spring yieldingly pressing said outlet valve toward its closed position.

24. In a fluid supply system, a source of gaseous pressure variations, in combination with an upright, pressure operated pump including a floating piston having its downward stroke non-positively actuated by pressure variations from said source and its return stroke assisted by a spring, the pump surfaces of said piston constituting the top of the pump chamber; inlet and outlet passages and check valves therefor controlling the flow of fluid; said inlet and inlet valve opening upwardly into the lower part of said pump chamber; said outlet being through said pump surface of the piston and said outlet valve being located in the piston and arranged to move in alignment with the reciprocating movements of the piston, so that the inertia of the valve operates to assist the lifting and seating movements thereof; and a yielding spring pressing downwardly on said outlet valve, for the purpose described.

25. In a fluid supply system, an engine, in combination with a combined reservoir and pump, said pump including a reciprocating piston element having a working head in operative relation to the pump chamber and a motive head connected with the pressure chamber of a cylinder of the engine and operable by the varying pressures therein; a valve for opening and closing the motive connection; and a float and connecting lever mechanism for opening and closing said valve by movements of said float; said reservoir enclosing said pump, valve, lever mechanism and float.

26. In a fluid supply system, an engine, in combination with a reservoir and upright pump located centrally thereof; said pump including a reciprocating piston element ing pressures therein; a valve for opening and closing communication through said passage; a float encircling said pump and guided thereby; connecting lever mechanism for opening and closing said valve by movements of said float; and a reservoir enclosing said pump, valve, lever mechanism and float.

27. A pulsation pump of the vertical type for fuel supply comprising a piston spring actuated in the upward direction and adapted to be operated by pulsating pressure in the downward direction, a source of pulsating pressure in communication with the upper side of said pump piston, and means controlled by liquid fuel delivered by said pump for controlling the communication between the source of pulsating pressure and the ump.

28. In fuel delivery apparatus a pump of the vertical type including a piston adapted to be exposed on the upper side to the varying pressure of an internal combustion engine cylinder, and spring pressed in the downward direction, a reservoir into which fuel is pumped and means actuated by rise of fuel in said reservoir for controlling connection between the pump and the engine cylinder.

29. A fuel supply system for internal com bustion engines for automobiles comprising a reservoir from which fuel is supplied to the carbureter by gravity, a passageway between said reservoir and a source of fuel supply, an outlet check valve controlling communication between said passageway and the reservoir, a pump of the vertical type within the reservoir having the lower end of its piston chamber in communication with said passageway through an inlet check valve, a long helical spring in said lower end of the pump chamber normally urging the pump piston upward, means of communication between the upper end of the piston chamber and the combustion chamber of a cylinder of the engine and means including a valve, valve lever and float within the reservoir whereby the fuel in said reservoir controls such means of communication.

Signed at New York City in the county of New York and State of New York this 18 day of March A. D. 1920.

WILLARD I. TWOMBLY. 

